Wildlife Biology & Conservation Exam 1 Practice

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• What membrane encloses the embryo in protective amniotic fluid?
• Autotomy is defined as what?
• What distinguishes skinks from salamanders?
• Which author is best known for warning about pesticide dangers on a global scale?
• Paedomorphosis is defined as
• The Red Eft Newt is described as
• In ecosystem services risk assessments, which metric is explicitly mentioned as included?
• Which statement about the chorion is true?
• Which of the following is NOT typically an assumption of standard mark-recapture methods?
• In what context is the mnemonic primarily used, according to the material?
• Which statement correctly describes viperid venom composition as referenced in the material?
• What is habitat suitability index used for in reserve planning?
• Which of the following best describes an ecological niche?
• Which of the following is NOT a baseline data source?
• World Wildlife Fund primarily promotes which of the following?
• What are vital rates, and how do life-history trade-offs influence population growth in wildlife species?
• Audubon Society originated to protect which group, and has broadened to ecosystem conservation?
• Which group includes paired hemipenes for reproduction?
• What is the function of a bifurcated tongue in snakes?
• The mnemonic implies that color patterns can indicate non-venomous status. Which statement best captures this idea?
• Pit vipers have what arrangement of scales under the tail?
• What is the difference between presence-only models and presence-absence models, and when should each be used?
• Which option is NOT listed among the viperids in the material?
• Which description applies to the Plethodontidae respiration?
• Do reptiles have internal or external fertilization?
• Which statement about the mnemonic for identifying non-venomous snakes is accurate?
• Which figure is most closely associated with the idea of a 'Land Ethic' and its emphasis on protecting nature?
• Which structure is involved in early fluid exchange between the embryo and the yolk sac?
• Which statement best describes the Plethodontidae family in terms of respiration?
• Smooth scale patterns are characterized by:
• Which organization would most likely publish guidelines for habitat conservation on public lands within the United States?
• Which field integrates ecology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics and evolutionary biology to conserve biological diversity?
• Why do terrestrial salamanders need large eggs?
• Describe an example of invasive species management and a potential ecological risk of attempted control.
• Explain what telemetry methods (GPS, GSM, VHF) offer for wildlife research and a key limitation of each.
• Do snakes hibernate?
• What is the purpose of a wildlife disease vaccination program, and what factors influence its success?
• Stark Parks is best described as which type of organization?
• Which reptiles are oviparous?
• Which concept best describes the usefulness of nature as a tool to achieve human goals?
• Which statement about the allantois is correct?
• Pheromones in salamanders are important for what reason?
• What features distinguish pit vipers from other snakes?
• Which concept denotes value independent of any benefit to humans (often described as intrinsic value)?
• Which of the following statements about amphibian eggs is true?
• Vernal pools are seasonal wetlands formed by winter rains and snowfall in woodlands.
• Urotomy refers to which condition?
• What is habitat suitability modeling, and what data are typically used?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between color patterns and venom status as implied by the mnemonic?
• Explain the difference between occupancy modeling and abundance estimation, and what data each method uses.
• Which statement best describes detection probability and how occupancy models address imperfect detection?
• Which scenario illustrates applying the precautionary principle in conservation?
• Which term describes the upper shell of a turtle?
• Which concept denotes something that has value as an instrument or tool to achieve a goal?
• Keeled scale patterns are described as:
• Which snakes are cited as viperids in the material?
• Which Hebrew word means 'work, bond-service, labor, or general service'?
• Why might Bayesian methods be preferred for wildlife population estimation?
• In a metapopulation, what processes determine changes in patch occupancy over time?
• How is the chorioallantoic membrane formed?
• Which organization is a local county agency focused on acquiring, preserving, and developing natural areas for passive recreation, conservation, education, and nature appreciation?
• Who was among the first to realize the global dangers of pesticide abuse (DDT)?
• Elapid venom is primarily which type?
• Which term describes the world's stocks of natural assets including geology, soil, air, water, and all living things?
• What is mark-recapture population estimation, and what assumptions are important for unbiased estimates?
• Which act designated wilderness areas in 1964?
• In male turtles, where is the penis located?
• Which Ohio state agency emphasizes a balance between wise use and protection of natural resources for the benefit of all?
• Audubon Society originated to protect which group, and has since broadened to ecosystem conservation?
• Which description matches the Mudpuppy's respiration?
• What is the outermost layer of the fetal membrane?
• Describe anthropogenic disturbance and give two examples and their potential wildlife impacts.
• Brille (spectacle) refers to which feature?
• Which reptiles are viviparous?
• Which option correctly names the toxin classes included in viperid venom?
• Which description matches Smooth Scale Patterns?
• Which statement best distinguishes stochastic processes from deterministic processes in population dynamics?
• Life-history trade-offs influence population growth by allocating energy to reproduction, growth, or survival. Which statement reflects a classic trade-off?
• What is the primary purpose of ecosystem services red lists or biodiversity risk assessments?
• Which statement best describes the primary function of the amniotic egg's shell?
• Explain the difference between alpha, beta, and gamma diversity.
• Refugia are locations where species persist during unfavorable climate periods; protecting them helps maintain populations and potential recolonization.
• Which Hebrew word means 'to guard and protect'?
• What is a species distribution model (SDM), and what are common pitfalls when projecting to future climates?
• Two toxin classes are mentioned as part of viperid venom. Which are they?
• What is an Amniotic egg?
• What data are commonly used in habitat suitability modeling?
• Which painter is recognized as an early advocate for preserving nature as a national policy?
• Which turtles have round eggs?
• Which statement best explains why maintaining genetic diversity is important for conservation?
• Edge effects influence habitat features; which outcome is typical?
• Explain the concept of a habitat suitability index and its application in reserve design.
• How can you identify snakes by pattern?
• Which statement best describes genetic drift?
• Which statement best describes the difference between qualitative and quantitative risk assessments in conservation?
• Which term describes changing population numbers directly or influencing numbers through altering food supply, habitat, density of predators, or prevalence of disease?
• Why is baseline data important in conservation monitoring and what are common sources?
• Which statement correctly contrasts frogs and toads in a single clear difference?
• Which statement best describes the Red Eft?
• How do habitat fragmentation and habitat loss differ, and why can fragmentation increase extinction risk even when total habitat area remains the same?
• The Wildlife Society is a professional association for which group?
• Why are data quality and study design critical in wildlife research, and what two design principles are highlighted?
• Custodial Management is defined as which of the following?
• Which act identifies threatened and endangered species in the United States and prioritizes their protection over economic considerations?
• Why would salamander eggs in ponds be smaller?
• Which is an ecosystem service provided by wildlife?
• Which situation best illustrates a Bayesian advantage in population estimation?
• Which of the following is an example of habitat restoration?
• Which organization is best described as a charitable environmental organization aiming to preserve lands and waters for life?
• A biodiversity hotspot is defined as regions with high endemism under threat. What are caveats of focusing conservation on hotspots?
• Which field focuses on the management of wildlife populations within an ecosystem context?
• Which of the following is a plausible reason to integrate refugia protection into climate adaptation planning?
• Provide a short overview of a case study where landscape genetics informed corridor design between fragmented populations.
• What is an ecological niche, and how can niche overlap influence competition and coexistence?
• Which statement best describes viperid venom composition?
• Head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt and argued for using natural resources while conserving them?
• What is the pit organ?
• Which Hebrew word means 'to cultivate and to care for,' or 'to guard and protect'?
• Conservation biology heavily involves which of the following?
• What is a primary threat to sea turtles?
• Which statement best differentiates CITES from national wildlife protections?
• Adaptive management in conservation is best described as a structured learning approach that tests strategies, monitors outcomes, and updates actions based on results.
• Define ecosystem resilience and name a management practice that can enhance resilience.
• What is environmental stochasticity and how can it influence population viability?
• Which term refers to the processes by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced?
• What best describes the effective population size (Ne)?
• What is a wildlife corridor, and what evidence supports their effectiveness in conserving connectivity?
• Which concept argues that humans are ethically responsible for maintaining the integrity of the natural world?
• Which species is described as retaining both lungs and gills into adulthood?
• Which statement about viperid venom content is stated in the material?
• What is a key limitation of habitat suitability models in predicting species distributions?
• Define trophic cascades and provide an example of how apex predator removal can alter ecosystems.
• Explain how edge effects influence microclimate, predation risk, and plant communities in fragmented habitats.
• What is a spermatophore?
• What proportion of squamates are viviparous?
• What is occupancy-detection probability separation and why is it important?
• In occupancy modeling, what is the purpose of performing repeated surveys at the same site?
• Define carrying capacity and the logistic growth equation; how can environmental stochasticity destabilize populations near carrying capacity?
• How can non-target effects occur in wildlife management actions and how can they be minimized?
• Which item is a primary component of a wildlife management plan?
• Vernal pools are best described as
• Which mechanism explains inbreeding depression in small populations?
• Which of the following is listed as an example of viperids?
• Which individual was an advocate of preserving nature as a national policy earlier in American history?
• Which metric is NOT typically included in ecosystem services risk assessments?
• Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange in reptile eggs by providing a large surface area and vascularization?
• Costal grooves function:
• Which term describes the reproductive mechanism where frogs and toads arrange themselves for external fertilization?
• What is a source-sink dynamic and why can it mislead conservation prioritization if not recognized?
• Which option is listed as an example of viperids in the material?
• Which concept integrates ecology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics and evolutionary biology to conserve biological diversity?
• In salamanders, how does fertilization occur?
• Paedomorphosis is defined as
• Costal grooves in salamanders are:
• In population ecology, what is a metapopulation and what factors influence its regional persistence?
• In turtle anatomy, what is the plastron?
• Which statement best describes a status assessment component in a wildlife management plan?
• In some turtle species, the sex of the embryo is determined by what factor?
• Refugia are landscapes where species persist during unfavorable climate periods; protecting refugia helps maintain populations.
• In turtle anatomy, what is the carapace?
• In the logistic growth model, what happens to the growth rate as population size nears carrying capacity?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a snake body pattern?
• Which environment feature is associated with smaller eggs?
• Under the Endangered Species Act, what is the role of critical habitat?
• The Nature Conservancy is best described as which type of organization?
• What is a Population Viability Analysis (PVA), and what are its primary inputs and outputs?
• Cranial kinesis is prominently found in which order?
• Which statement best describes sexual dimorphism in snakes?
• Which environment results in larger frog or toad eggs?
• What are edge effects, and how do they relate to habitat fragmentation?
• Weakly keeled scale patterns are defined as:
• Which statement describes the Hellbender's respiration?
• What is an index of abundance, and when is it appropriate to use indices rather than absolute counts?
• What is a threat assessment in wildlife disease, and how does it differ from surveillance?
• Pit vipers are identified by which eye feature?
• Which ecological processes are essential to protect in conservation plans?
• Which figure's preservationist ethics largely led to Yosemite National Park?
• Which metric is used to measure allelic richness in populations?
• Which term describes the processes by which life-supporting resources are produced?
• What is Amplexus?
• When was the first Earth Day held?
• Which statement best captures the precautionary principle in wildlife management decisions?
• What best describes an ecotone and why is it important for conservation planning?
• Which statement best describes the role of the U.S. National Park Service?
• During brumation, what change occurs in some turtles?
• Which term describes the area that connects the carapace to the plastron?
• What is the basic assumption of the capture-mark-recapture method, and how can violations bias population estimates?
• What change is needed for a herbivorous tadpole to become a carnivorous adult?
• Which federal agency manages all national parks and many national monuments?
• Which environmental thinker promoted the idea that humans have an ethical responsibility to protect nature?
• What does the chorioallantoic membrane do?
• Which act is central to protecting threatened and endangered species in the United States?
• How do most turtles overwinter?
• Which field concerns the management of wildlife populations in the context of an ecosystem?
• In the mnemonic, which color combination indicates a non-venomous look-alike?
• Central Park is the first example of which movement?
• In male lizards and snakes, where are the paired reproductive organs located?
• Which description best defines the lateral bridge of a turtle's shell?
• Which statement correctly differentiates habitat protection from habitat restoration?
• Which description matches the Jacobson's organ location in snakes?
• What are the benefits of a leathery or calcareous shell?
• Which of the following is a caveat of focusing conservation on hotspots?
• Whose leadership resulted in millions of acres set aside as preserves and national parks?
• Which agency within the Department of the Interior is responsible for conserving and protecting fish, wildlife, and their habitats?
• Why would salamander eggs in flowing water be larger?
• Which snake is not listed as an example of viperids in the material?
• What is the Paratoid Gland in toads best described as?
• Which of the following represents how climate change can affect wildlife?
• Which statement best describes adaptive management in conservation planning?